What is an example of involuntary alienation?

Involuntary alienation refers to the transfer of property rights without the owner’s consent, often due to legal processes or circumstances beyond the owner’s control. When property rights are forfeited due to unpaid taxes, this is a clear example of involuntary alienation. The government has the authority to collect taxes owed and may seize property if those taxes are not paid, transferring ownership from the original owner to the state or local government. This process does not involve the owner's voluntary decision to transfer their property; instead, it's a result of legal obligations not being met.

Other options relate to voluntary alienation, where the transfer of property involves the owner's consent, such as selling, gifting, or transferring ownership to a family member. These actions are initiated by the owner and reflect voluntary choices regarding the disposition of their property. Thus, the forfeiture of property due to unpaid taxes stands out as a definitive instance of involuntary alienation.